Oscillation criteria for second order neutral dynamic equations of Emden-Fowler type with positive and negative coefficients on time scales (Q2360849)

In [Pac. J. Math. 5, 643--647 (1955; Zbl 0065.32001)], \textit{F. V. Atkinson} proved that the Emden-Fowler super-linear equation \[ x''+q(t)|x|^{\gamma-1}x=0,\qquad \gamma>1\tag{1} \] is oscillatory if and only if \[ \int^\infty tq(t){\mathrm d}t=\infty.\tag{2} \] Later on, \textit{Sh. Belokhorets} [Acta Fac. Rer. Nat. Univ. Comenianae, Math. 22, 19--26 (1969; Zbl 0202.09001)], extending this result, he proved that Eq.~(1) is oscillatory if and only if \[ \int^\infty t^\beta q(t){\mathrm d}t=\infty\tag{3} \] for some \(\beta\in[0,\gamma]\), \(\gamma>0\); in case \(\gamma\in(0,1)\), Eq.~(1) is called as Emden-Fowler sub-linear equation and the criteria for oscillation~(3) is more strong than that in (2) for Eq.~(1). Hence, it can be claimed that Belohorec's results are direct extension of those of Atkinson to the Emden-Fowler sub-linear equations. In [Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2011, Article ID 653689, 26 p. (2011; Zbl 1210.34134)] \textit{Z. Han} et al., extending all existing results, obtained an oscillation criteria by using Riccati type techniques for the Emden-Fowler super-linear delay dynamic equation \[ [p(t)z^\Delta(t)]^\Delta+q(t)|x(\tau(t))|^{\gamma-1}x(\tau(t))=0,\qquad \gamma>1\tag{4} \] on a time scale \(\mathbb T\), where \(z(t)=x(t)+r(t)x(g(t))\) and \(g(t),\tau(t)\leq t\). The present work deals with the oscillation of the Emden-Fowler type neutral dynamic equations with positive and negative coefficients \[ \begin{aligned} [p(t)z^\Delta(t)]^\Delta&+q_0(t)|x|^\sigma(t)|^{\gamma-1}x^\sigma(t))+q_1(t)|x(\tau_1(t))|^{\gamma-1}x(\tau_1(t))\\ &-q_2(t)|x(\tau_2(t))|^{\gamma-1}x(\tau_2(t))+s_1(t)|x(\xi_1(t))|^{\gamma-1}x(\xi_1(t))\\ &-s_2(t)|x(\xi_2(t))|^{\gamma-1}x(\xi_2(t))=0,\qquad \gamma>0 \end{aligned}\tag{5} \] on a time scale \(\mathbb T\), where \(\tau_1(t)\leq\tau_2(t)\leq t\) and \(\xi_1(t)\geq\xi_2(t)\geq\sigma(t)\). Proofs of main results are done by Riccati techniques. Since \(\gamma>0\), the results obtained covers the super-linear (\(\gamma\in(1,\infty)\)) and the sub-linear (\(\gamma\in(0,1)\)) cases. Moreover, the results obtained complement existing results in the literature for the cases \(\mathbb T=\mathbb R\), \(q_2(t)=s_2(t)=0\), and that no delay term, i.e. \(\tau_k(t)=t\) and \(\xi_k(t)=\sigma(t)\) for \(k=1,2\).