On an elementary version of I. M. Vinogradov's method (Q2362391)

The paper continues Vinogradov's well known investigations on the \(n\)th power residues. \(n\geq 2\), modulo a given prime number and the distribution of primes modulo a given number. Vinogradov's results are obtained by his famous elementary method. The present paper's method is elementary too. The paper overviews and proves some properties of Bernoulli polynomials whose arguments are formed by the fractional parts of values of a polynomial with integral coefficients, proves estimates for complete arithmetic sums of the polynomials with rational coefficients with a fixed denominator, finds convergence exponent for the mean values of the sums. The paper presents an estimate for the absolute value of a complete rational multiple arithmetic sum of a special function whose argument is a polynomial in several variables.