Distribution of zeta zeros and the oscillation of the error term of the prime number theorem (Q2362405)

Let \(\zeta(s)\) denote the Riemann zeta-function and \(\rho = \beta + i \gamma\) its complex zeros. If \(p\) denotes primes, let \[ \Delta(x) := \sum_{p^m\leq x}\log p - x \] denote the error term in the prime number theorem. The author derives several nice results concerning the zero-free region for \(\zeta(s)\) and the order of \(\Delta(x)\) and its averages \[ S(x) := \max_{u\leq x}|\Delta(u)|,\qquad D(x) := x^{-1}\int_0^x|\Delta(u)|\,du. \] Important results on this subject were obtained earlier by several mathematicians, including the author [Acta Arith. 37, 209--220 (1980; Zbl 0447.10038); ibid. 36, 341--365 (1980; Zbl 0439.10028); Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. 15, 215--223 (1980; Zbl 0469.10017)]. One associates the zero-free domain of \(\zeta(s)\) with the simple real function (\(x>1\)) \[ \omega(x) = \min_{\rho;\gamma>0}(\delta\log x + \log \gamma), \] where \(\rho = \beta+i\gamma = 1-\delta+i\gamma\) denotes non-trivial zeta zeros. Then the author's main result is \[ \log\frac{x}{S(x)} \;\sim\; \log\frac{x}{D(x)} \;\sim \;\omega(x)\qquad(x\to\infty). \] The heuristic meaning of this is that \(S(x)\) and \(\Delta(x)\) have approximately the same order of magnitude as \[ \max_{\rho;\gamma>0}\,\frac{x^\beta}{\gamma} = \frac{x}{e^{\omega(x)}}. \]