Short cubic exponential sums over primes (Q2362406)

Vinogradov started the study of short exponential sums over primes of the form \[ \sum\limits_{x-y<p\leq x} e\left(\alpha p^k\right), \] which are closely related to weighted exponential sums of the form \[ \sum\limits_{x-y<n\leq x} \Lambda(n)\cdot e\left(\alpha n^k\right), \] where \(\Lambda(n)\) is the van Mangoldt function. The authors look at short cubic exponential sums of this form \((k=3)\), for which there is a long record of research (see [\textit{J. Liu} and \textit{T. Zhan}, Monatsh. Math. 127, No. 1, 27--41 (1999; Zbl 0922.11070)], for example). They obtain new minor arcs estimates for the case when \[ \alpha=\frac{a}{q}+\frac{\theta}{q^2}, \quad |\theta|\leq 1, \quad (a,q)=1, \quad y\geq x^{4/5}\log(xq)^{8B+151}, \] \[ \log(xq)^{32(B+20)}<q\leq y^5x^{-2}\log(xq)^{-32(B+20)}, \] where \(B\) is an absolute constant. The key innovation is a non-trivial estimate for bilinear exponential sums of the form \[ \sum\limits_{M<m\leq 2M} a_m \sum\limits_{\overset{U<n\leq 2N}{ x-y<mn\leq x}} b_n e\left(\alpha(mn)^k\right) \] coming from Vinogradov's method for the cases when the parameter \(N\) is large or of similar order as \(M\).