Existence of periodic solutions of a Liénard equation with a singularity of repulsive type (Q2362520)

Sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of a positive \(T\)-periodic solutions of forced Liénard-type equation with a singularity of repulsive type \[ \ddot{x}+f(x)\dot{x}-\frac{\alpha(t)}{x^{\mu}}=h(t), \] where \(f :(0,\infty)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is continuous, \(\alpha(t)\), \(h(t)\) are continuous \(T\)-periodic functions with \(\alpha(t)\geq 0\) for all \(t\in\mathbb{R}\) and \(\alpha(t) \not\equiv 0\), \(\mu\in(0,\infty)\) is a constant, is established under the assumption \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 0^{+}} |\int_{x}^1f(s)ds |=+\infty. \] The key ingredients of the proof are two lemmas. The first one is a corollary of a well-known result of \textit{R. Manásevich} and \textit{J. Mawhin} about periodic solutions of the nonlinear systems with \(p\)-Laplacian-like operators [J. Differ. Equations 145, No. 2, 367--393 (1998; Zbl 0910.34051)]. The second lemma is developed in [\textit{R. Hakl} and \textit{P. J. Torres}, J. Differ. Equations 248, No. 1, 111--126 (2010; Zbl 1187.34049)] with the aim of studying periodic solutions of second-order differential equations with attractive-repulsive singularities.