On the bifurcation of limit cycles due to polynomial perturbations of Hamiltonian centers (Q2362974)

The auhors study the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus of a real planar polynomial Hamiltonian system with a center at the origin when it is perturbed in the class of polynomial vector fields of a given degree. More specifically, they consider the planar polynomial Hamiltonian system \[ \dot{x}=-F_y, \qquad \dot{y}=F_x, \] where the Hamiltonian \(F\) is given by \[ F(x,y)= \sum_{i=1}^n c_i H(x,y)^i \] with \(H(x,y)= (x^2+y^2)/2\) and the first \(c_i \neq 0\) is positive. It is also assumed that \(c_n \neq 0\) so that the degree of the system is \(2n-1\). Computing the Melnikov functions using the method developed by \textit{J. P. Francoise} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 16, No. 1, 87--96 (1996; Zbl 0852.34008)] and \textit{R. Roussarie} [Bifurcation of planar vector fields and Hilbert's sixteenth problem. Basel: Birkhäuser (1998; Zbl 0898.58039)] the authors first study the numer of limit cycles that appear when the system is perturbed in the class of all polynomial differential systems of the form \[ \dot{x}=-F_y + \varepsilon A(x,y), \qquad \dot{y}=F_x + \varepsilon B(x,y), \] where \(A\) and \(B\) are arbitrary polynomials of degree at most \(n\). Second, it is studied the number of limit cycles that appear when the system is perturbed in the class of all polynomial differential systems of the form \[ \dot{x}=-F_y + \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \varepsilon^i A_i(x,y), \qquad \dot{y}=F_x + \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \varepsilon^i B_i(x,y), \] where \(A_i\) and \(B_i\) are arbitrary polynomials of degree at most \(n\). The results generalize the bounds obtained in [\textit{A. Buică} et al., Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 10, No. 3, 597--609 (2010; Zbl 1232.34049)] and in [\textit{I. D. Iliev}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 127, No. 2, 317--322 (1999; Zbl 0967.34026)].