Upper bound estimate of incomplete Cochrane sum (Q2364780)

An incomplete Cochrane sum is defined as follows: \[ C(h,q;\lambda) = \mathop{{\sum}'}_{a=1}^{\lambda q}\left(\left(\frac{\bar a}{q}\right)\right)\left(\left(\frac{ha}{q}\right)\right), \] where \(\lambda\in (0,1]\). Then by using the properties of Kloosterman sum and Dirichlet character, an optimal upper bound estimate of this incomplete Cochrane sum is proved. Theorem. Let \(q\), \(h\) be integers with \(q\ge 2\) and \((h, q) = 1\), \(\lambda\) be a real number with \(\lambda\) as above. Then we have the upper bound estimate \[ \vert C(h,q;\lambda)\vert \ll q^{\frac12 + \varepsilon}. \] Taking \(\lambda=1\) in the Theorem, one may immediately obtain: Corollary: Let \(q\), \(h\) be integers with \(q\ge 2\) and \((h, q) = 1\). Then we have \[ \vert C(h,q)\vert \ll q^{\frac12 + \varepsilon},\] which is almost the same as that of \textit{W.-P. Zhang} and \textit{Y. Yi} [Soochow J. Math. 28, No. 3, 297--304 (2002; Zbl 1016.11038)].