Implicit function theorems and nonlinear integral equations (Q2365178)

This paper is a survey of various (classical and modern) local implicit function theorems and their applications with a particular emphasis on nonlinear integral equations of Hammerstein type \[ x(t)=\int \limits _\Omega k(t,s)f(\lambda, s, x(s))ds\leqno{(1)} \] containing a parameter \(\lambda\). The paper is organized into 12 sections. In the first section the authors show how to transform the equation (1) into the operator equation \(\Phi (\lambda, u)=0\) in order to apply a suitable implicit function theorem. Section 2 contains a variant of the Hildebrandt-Graves theorem which seems to be most suitable for applications to the integral equation (1). Applications to Hammerstein equations with regular and singular kernels are considered, respectively, in sections 3 and 4. Section 5 concerns generalized Hildebrandt-Graves theorems, and section 6 provides application to the Bogljubov averaging principle. Three other modern implicit function theorems which apply to equation (1) are discussed in section 7-9, building, respectively, on the Banach-Caccioppoli fixed-point principle for contractive operators, a more general fixed-point principle for operators in \(K\)-normed spaces, and Minty's existence theorem for monotone operator equations. Section 10 is devoted to multivalued branches of implicit functions, and section 11 illustrates how the smoothness properties of the operator \(\Phi (\lambda, u)\) carry over to those of the resulting solution branch \(u=u(\lambda)\). Finally, in the last section the authors collect and discuss 100 references, both on recent implicit function theorems and on their applications to nonlinear-integral equations.