Reduction modulo \(p\) of differential equations (Q2365503)

Based upon very explicit computations, this paper gives a clever insight into applications of conjectures of Grothendieck and Katz [\textit{N. Katz}, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 110, 203-239 (1982; Zbl 0504.12022)] for solving or factorizing differential operators over \( \mathbb Q(z)\). First order equations (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) are carefully examined. Many examples of the inhomogeneous case are treated. They show, once more, the deep arithmetic meaning of Grothendieck's conjecture. Then a procedure to decide if a second order homogeneous equation is reducible is proposed (it relies on Grothendieck's conjecture, which is not proved in this case). Several examples are computed. Finally, partial results for higher order equations are given.