Periodic trim solutions with \(hp\)-version finite elements in time (Q2365518)

We have studied finite elements in time as an alternative strategy for rotorcraft trim problems. The research treats linear flap and linearized flap-lag response both for quasi-trim and trim cases. The connection between Fourier series analysis and \(hp\)-finite elements for periodic problems is also examined. It is shown that Fourier series is a special case of space-time finite elements for which one element is used with a strong displacement formulation. Comparisons are made with respect to accuracy among Fourier analysis, displacement methods, and mixed methods over a variety of parameters. The \(hp\) trade-off is studied for the periodic trim problem to provide an optimum step size and optimum polynomial order for given error criteria.