Explicitly non-standard uniserial modules (Q2366053)

A module over a commutative ring with identity is said to be uniserial if its lattice of submodules is totally ordered. A uniserial module is standard if for any of its sumodules \(I<J\), the module \(J/I\) is uniserial. An \(R\)-module \(U\) is of type \(J/R\) (where \(R\) is a domain and \(J\) is an \(R\)-submodule of the quotient field of \(R)\) if \(J/R \cong D(a)/ \text{Ann} (a)\) for a nonzero element \(a \in U\), \[ D(a)=\cup\{r^{- 1}R:r\text{ divides }a\text{ in }U\}. \] The authors are interested in necessary and sufficient conditions for a valuation domain \(R\) of cardinality \(\aleph_ 1\) to have the property that there is a nonstandard uniserial \(R\)-module of a given type \(J/R\). They prove several partial results (for example, if \(J/R\) is of essentially countable type, then there is an explicitly nonstandard uniserial \(R\)- module of type \(J/R\) (theorem 7)) and a very general result (theorem 12) which states that if \(\Gamma (J/R)=1\), then there is a nonstandard uniserial \(R\)-module of type \(J/R\). Here \(\Gamma (J/R)\) is an invariant which is an element of a Boolean algebra \({\mathcal P} (\omega_ 1)/ \rho\), where \(\rho\) is an equivalence relation such that \((A,B) \in \rho\) iff \(A \cap C=B \cap C\), where \(C\) is a closed unbounded set. The authors also discuss relationship between the existence of nonstandard uniserial \(R\)- modules of type \(J/R\) and CH.