Invertibility of causal discrete time dynamical systems (Q2366064)

Let \(k\) be a given difference ground field. A \(k\)-dynamics is defined by the author as a finitely generated transformally algebraic difference extension \(K/k\), and the dynamics \(K/k\) is said to be causal or non- anticipative, if and only if, the order and the effective order of \(K/k\) are equal. By making use of difference algebra, the author shows that a causal discrete dynamical system can be represented by a difference equation \(x(t)=F\bigl(x(t-1)\bigr)\), where the Jacobian matrix \(\partial F/\partial x\) is nonsingular. This shows that causal discrete dynamical systems possess an invertibility property. The author also uses elementary module theory to prove that causal linear dynamical systems can be represented by \(x(t)=Px(t-1)\) where \(P\) is a square invertible matrix.