Sobolev inequalities for the sublaplaciens of some unimodular groups (Q2366289)

Let \(G\) be a connected unimodular Lie group, with identity \(e\), and let \(L^ p(G)\) \((1 \leq p \leq \infty)\) be the usual Lebesgue spaces on \(G\) relative to Haar measure. The Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) of \(G\) is identified with the space of left invariant vector fields on \(G\). Let \(L\) be a sublaplacian of \(G\), i.e., \(L = -\sum^ J_{j = 1} X_ j^ 2\), where \(\{X_ 1, \dots, X_ J\}\) is a subset of \(\mathfrak g\) which generates \(\mathfrak g\) as a Lie algebra. On \(L^ 2(G)\), \(L\) is formally self-adjoint and positive; the bottom of the spectrum of \(L\) is denoted by \(\sigma\). For \(t\) in \(\mathbb{R}^ +\), \(P_ t^ L\) denotes the heat kernel of \(G\) corresponding to \(L\). This paper studies the behaviour of \(P_ t^ L(e)\) as \(t\) tends to infinity, and the \(L^ p(G)\)-\(L^ q(G)\) boundedness of the operators \((L - \sigma)^{-\alpha}\), where \(\text{Re}(\alpha) \geq 0\). In the case where \(G\) is semisimple, fairly precise results are obtained, using the tools of semisimple harmonic analysis. These are then transferred to less exact results for more general groups, using structure theory. One interesting phenomenon discovered in this paper is the fact that the precise form of \(L\) is largely irrelevant; this is a generalisation of a similar phenomenon observed for groups of polynomial growth by Varopoulos and his collaborators.