Markov traces on universal Jones algebras and subfactors of finite index (Q2366474)

There are constructed one parameter families of inclusions of nonhyperfinite type \(\text{II}_ 1\) factors \(N^ s\subset M^ s\), with trivial relative commutant \((N^ s)'\cap M^ s=\mathbb{C}\) and with the Jones' index \([M^ s:N^ s]=s\) ranging over the set \(s\in\{4\cos^ 2\pi/n\mid n\geq 4\}\cup [4,\infty]\), by using Markov traces on certain universal algebras associated to a given algebra to the Jones' sequence of projections. This solves the problem of finding all possible values of indices of subfactors with trivial relative commutant in arbitrary type \(\text{II}_ 1\) factors, by showing that any number \(s>4\) can occur. The construction can be briefly described as follows: let us consider the universal algebra \(U^ s(Q)\) generated by \(Q\) and by the Jones' projections \(e_ 1,e_ 2,\dots\) of trace \(\tau(e_ i)=s^{-1}\) subject to the commutation relations \([Q,e_ i]=0\), \(i\geq 2\). \(U^ s(Q)\) is called the universal Jones algebra associated to \(Q\) and \(s\). The author defines on \(U^ s= U^ s(Q)\) a free Markov trace by letting \(\text{Trace}(w)=0\) for all the words \(w\) with alternating letters \(x_ i\in Q\), \(y_ i\in\text{Alg}\{e_ 1,e_ 2,\dots\}\), each \(x_ i\) having zero trace in \(Q\) and each \(y_ i\) projecting on 0 on \(\text{Alg}\{e_ 2,\dots\}\). The algebra \(M^ s\) is then defined as the smallest subalgebra of \(U^ s/Tr\) containing \(Q\) and on which \(e_ 1\) implements by reduction a conditional expectation. Then \(N^ s\) is simply defined as the commutant of \(e_ 1\) in \(M^ s\).