Singular variation of domain and spectra of the Laplacian with small Robin conditional boundary. I (Q2367029)

The author is concerned with the asymptotics (perturbation) of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a domain with a very small hole. He deals with the case of Robin condition on the boundary of the small hole. \[ \Delta u + \lambda u = 0 \quad \text{ in } \quad \Omega_ \varepsilon, \quad u = 0 \quad \text{ on } \quad \partial \Omega, \quad u + k \varepsilon^ \sigma {\partial u \over \partial \nu} = 0 \quad \text{ on } \quad \partial B_ \varepsilon. \] Here \(k\) is a positive constant and \(\nu\) is the unit outward normal vector. \(B_ \varepsilon\) is the ball of radius \(\varepsilon\) with a fixed center \(p\) (a point belonging to \(\Omega)\). The author proves a sharp asymptotic formula for the simple eigenvalue when \(\varepsilon \to 0\). Such a singular variation of domain is hard to deal with because the topological type of domain is different from the original domain. To overcome such difficulty, he constructs a sharp approximate Green function (for a perforated domain) and carries out a perturbation theory of the spectrum (with hard analysis) in a certain Sobolev space.