Canonical forms of \(3\times 3\) strongly hyperbolic systems with real constant coefficients (Q2367466)

Consider an \(m \times m\) system of differential equations (1) \(\partial u/ \partial t = \sum^ n_{i=1} A_ i \partial u/ \partial x_ i\), where \(u\) is an \(m\)-vector and \(A_ i\) are real constant \(m \times m\) matrix coefficients. It were \textit{M. Yamaguti} and \textit{K. Kasahara} [Mem. Coll. Sci., Univ. Kyoty, Ser. A 33, 1-23 (1960; Zbl 0098.297)] who gave the definition and a criterion for the system (1) to be strongly hyperbolic. Few attempts have been made to find out all the canonical forms of strongly hyperbolic systems (1). It is perhaps because the criterion of Yamaguti and Kasahara is stated in terms of the linear combinations of \(A_ 1\), \(A_ 2,\dots,A_ n\) and seems difficult to verify directly. In the present paper, we give all the canonical forms of \(3 \times 3\) \((m=3)\) strongly hyperbolic systems (1). The result depends drastically on \(n\).