Spectral theory of operators related to representations of nilpotent groups (Q2367692)

Let \(\pi_ j\) be differential operators in \(\mathbb{R}^ n\) of the form \(\sum^ n_{j=1} A_ j(x_ 1,\dots,x_{j-1})\partial_ j+B(x_ 1,\dots,x_ n)\), where \(A_ j\) are polynomials, \(A_ 1\) is a constant. Suppose that for some \(r\geq 1\) all the repeated commutators of the \(\pi_ j\) of order \(\geq r+1\) are zero. These \(\pi_ j\) should be regarded as the images \(\pi(X_ j)\), where \(\pi\) is an irreducible representation of the Lie group \(\exp{\mathfrak a}\), where \(\mathfrak a\) is a nilpotent Lie algebra. With \(\pi_ I\) denoting the commutator of \(\pi_{i_ 1},\dots,\pi_{i_ s}\), \(I=i_ 1,\dots,i_ s\), \(| I|=s\), it is assumed that \[ M(x,\xi)=\sum_{| I|\leq r}|\pi_ I(x,\xi)|^{1/| I|}\to\infty\quad\text{as }| (x,\xi)|\to\infty. \] With these assumptions the sub-Laplacian \(\pi=-\sum\pi^ 2_ j\) has a compact resolvent and the number \(N(\lambda)\) of its eigenvalues \(<\lambda\) satisfies the estimate \(C^{- 1} N_ 0(C^{-1}\lambda)\leq N(\lambda)\leq CN_ 0(\lambda)\), where \(C\) is a constant and \(N_ 0(\lambda)\) denotes the volume of the set \(\{(x,\xi)\); \(M(x,\xi)^ 2\leq\lambda\}\).