Holomorphic semigroups in interpolation and extrapolation spaces (Q2367897)

Let \(A\) be the generator of an analytic semigroup \(\{S(t); t\geq 0\}\) of bounded linear operators on a Banach space \((X, \|\cdot\|)\). Denote by \(X_{\theta, p}\) \((0\leq \theta< \infty)\) the subspace of all elements \(x\in X\) satisfying \[ \| x\|_{\theta, p}:= \left(\int^ \infty_ 0 (t^{1-\theta} \| AS(t) x\|)^ p t^{-1} dt\right)^{1/p}< \infty, \] and denote by \(D(\theta, p)\) the completion of \((X_{\theta, p},\|\cdot \|_{\theta, p})\). For \(0< \theta< 1\), it is known that \(D(A)\subset X_{\theta, p}= D(\theta, p)\subset X\), and \(D(\theta, p)\) are spaces of maximal regularity for \(S(\cdot)\), i.e. \(A(S * f)\) belongs to \(L^ p([0, r], D(\theta, p))\) whenever \(f\) does. This paper is concerned with the spaces \(D(0, p)\), \(p\geq 1\). First, it is proved that \(D(\theta, p)\subset D(\theta, p+ s)\) for all \(0\leq \theta< 1\), \(p\geq 1\) and \(s\geq 0\), whereas \(D(A)\subset X_{0,1}= D(0, 1)\subset X\) and \(D(0, p)\) may be larger than \(X\) for large \(p\). Next, the restriction of \(S(t)\) to \(X_{0, p}\) can be extended to an operator \(\overline{S_ p}(t)\) on the Banach space \(D(0, p)\), and the family \(\{\overline{S_ p}(t); t\geq 0\}\) is an analytic semigroup on \(D(0, p)\), with its generator equal to the \(\|\cdot\|_{0, p}\)-closure \(\overline{A_ p}\) of the part \(A_ p\) of \(A\) in \(X_{0, p}\) and \(D(\overline{A_ p})\subset D(\theta, p)\) for \(\theta\in [0, 1)\). Finally, \(D(0, p)\) is shown to be the space of maximal regularity for \(\overline{S_ p}(\cdot)\), i.e. \(\overline{A_ p}(\overline{S_ p}* f)\in L^ p([0, r], D(0,p))\) whenever \(f\in L^ p([0, r], D(0,p))\).