Permutable transformation semigroups (Q2367899)

Let \(S\) be a transformation semigroup over a finite set \(\Delta\), namely \(S\) is a subsemigroup of the full transformation semigroup \(T_ \Delta\). As defined in the group theory, \(S\) is called transitive if for all \(a,b \in \Delta\) there is \(\alpha \in S\) such that \(\alpha(a) = b\). A permutation subgroup of the symmetric group over \(\Delta\) is called simply transitive if it is a transitive group and the stabilizer of \(a\), \(S_ a = \{a \in S\mid \alpha(a) = a\}\) is the trivial group. The following is a main theorem of this paper. Let \(S\) and \(R\) be two transformation semigroups on \(\Delta\). Then \(S\) and \(R\) are permutable (i.e. commute elementwise) if and only if they are isomorphic simply transitive groups and centralizers of each other, that is, \(C(S) = R\) and \(C(R) = S\) where \(C(S) = \{\beta \in T_ \Delta\mid \alpha\beta = \beta\alpha\text{ for all }\alpha \in S\}\).