Correlation functions in the Itzykson-Zuber model (Q2367968)

The \(n\)-point correlation function defined as the integral over unitary group \(G\) (rather over its left/right coset) is considered in the following form (Itzykson-Zuber (1980); Alekseev-Faddeev-Shatashvili (1989)): \[ \langle g_{i_ 1 j_ 1} g^ +_{k_ 1 l_ 1}\cdots g_{i_ n j_ n} g^ +_{k_ n l_ n}\rangle=\int \bigl[ d\mu(g) \exp[\text{Tr}(gMg^ + N)] g_{i_ 1 j_ 1} g^ +_{k_ 1 l_ 1}\cdots g_{i_ n j_ n}g^ +_{k_ n l_ n}\bigr]. \] Here \(g=(g_{ij})\in G\) are unitary \(N\times N\)-matrices, \(d\mu(g)\) is Haar measure of integration, whereas Hermitian \(N\times N\)-matrices \(M\) and \(N\) are assumed to be diagonal. As a result, the explicit expression for the above integral is obtained in terms of Gelfand-Tsetlin coordinates \(m^ i_ k\) defining the corresponding convex body, as well as of eigenvalues \(m^ 0_ k\) and \(N_ k\) of the matrices \(M\) and \(N\). This expression includes (for generic \(n\)) the linear exponential times the rational function of \(m^ k_ i\) and \(N_ k\), which for \(n=2\) and in some cases for \(n>2\) in fact is the polynomial. Therefore one can derive an explicit and simple expression for all 2-point and a set of \(n\)-point correlation functions. A simple linear differential equation for the most general \(n\)-point function is constructed. It is also pointed out that the integrals under consideration are related to investigation of the QCD model at large \(N\) [\textit{V. A. Kazakov} and \textit{A. A. Migdal}, Nucl. Phys., B 397, 214-238 (1993)] and might be interesting for string theory related matrix models (Douglas).