Approximation of anisotropic classes by wavelets (Q2368670)

Let \(r=(r_1, r_2,\ldots ,r_d) \in {\mathbb Z}^+_d\). For a function \(f(t_1, t_2,\ldots ,t_d)\) let \(D_j^{r_j}f\) denote its (generalized) partial derivative of order \(r_j\) with respect to the variable \(t_j\), \(j=1, \ldots ,d\). The anisotropic Sobolev space \(L_p^r({\mathbb R}^d)\), \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\), is defined as follows: \[ L_p^r({\mathbb R}^d)=\left \{ f \in L_p({\mathbb R}^d)\biggm | \| f\| _{L_p^r({\mathbb R}^d)}:=\| f\| _p+\sum_{j=1}^d \| D_j^{r_j}f \| _p<\infty \right \}. \] The unit ball of this space is denoted \(S_p^r L({\mathbb R}^d)\). Given an univariate function \(\psi(t)\) decreasing sufficiently rapidly as \(| t| \to \infty\), one can construct the family of univariate wavelets \[ \psi_{j,k}(t)=2^{k/2}\psi (2^kt-j), \quad j,k \in {\mathbb Z}. \] In this paper, it is assumed that there is an \(l \in {\mathbb N}\) such that for every \(\alpha=0,1, \ldots, l\), and every natural number \(m\) there is some constant \(c_{m,\alpha}\) for which \[ | \psi^{(\alpha)} (t)| \leq c_{m,\alpha}(1+| t| )^{-m}. \] For any given integer vectors \(j=(j_1, \ldots j_d)\) and \(k=(k_1, \ldots k_d)\) one can now define a multivariate wavelet \[ \psi_{j,k}(t)= \psi_{j_1,k_1}(t_1)\cdots \psi_{j_d,k_d}(t_d). \] Let \(a(r):=(\sum_{i=1}^d r_i^{-1})^{-1}\) and for a natural number \(n\) and \(r=(r_1, r_2,\ldots ,r_d)\), let \(H_p(r,n)\) be the \(L_p\) closure of the linear span of all those multivariate \(\psi_{j,k}\) for which \(k_j \leq na(r)/r_j, j=1, \ldots ,d\). The first main result of the paper is: If \(1 <p \leq q<\infty\), \(r_i<l\), \(1 \leq i \leq d\), and \(1-(1/p-1/q)\sum_{i=1}^d r_i^{-1}>0\), then \[ \sup_{f \in S_p^r L}\; \inf_{g\in H_p(r,n)} \| f-g\| _q \asymp 2^{-n(a(r)-1/p+1/q)}. \] The second main result is a similar statement for the anisotropic Besov spaces.