Entropy number and non-linear approximations on multivariate Besov space by manifolds of finite pseudo-dimension (Q2369264)

For a real number \(t\), let \(\operatorname{sgn} (t)=1\) if \(t > 0\), \(\operatorname{sgn} (t)=-1\) if \(t \leq 0\). For a vector \(x=(x_1, \ldots ,x_n)\), let \(\operatorname{sgn} (x)\) be the vector \((\operatorname{sgn} (x_1), \ldots , \operatorname{sgn} (x_n))\). If \(M\) is a set of real-valued functions defined on some set \(\Omega\), the pseudo-dimension of \(M\) is defined as the largest unteger \(n\) such that there exist points \(a^1, \dots ,a^n\) in \(\Omega\) and a real vector \(b=(b_1, \dots ,b_n)\) for which the cardinality of the set \[ \operatorname{sgn} (y): y=(f(a^1)+b_1, \dots ,f(a^n)+b_n), \;f \in M \} \] is \(2^n\). For a linear space \(M\), its pseudo-dimension coincides with linear dimension. If \(X\) is a normed linear space of real-valued functions and \(W \subset X\), then the non-linear width \(\rho_n(W, X)\) is defined as the classic Kolmogorov \(n\)-width \(d_n(W, X)\) , but with linear dimension replaced by pseudo-dimension. In the paper under review, \(X\) is the space \(L_q\) of \(2\pi\)-periodic functions of \(d\) variables, \(W\) is the unit ball of the anisotropic Besov space \(B_{p\theta}^r\). It is proved that for \(n \to \infty\) the asymptotic order of \(\rho_n (SB_{p\theta}^r, L_q)\) and of the entropy number \(\varepsilon_n (SB_{p\theta}^r, L_q)\) is \(n^{-g(r)}\), where \(1 \leq p,q,\theta \leq \infty\), \(r=(r_1, \dots , r_d)\), \(g(r)=(\sum_{j=1}^d 1/r_j)^{-1}\). It is assumed that \(g(r)>1/p-1/q\).