Freud equations for Legendre polynomials on a circular arc and solution of the Grünbaum-Delsarte-Janssen-Vries problem. (Q2369528)

In this paper, motivated by a problem posed by Grünbaum and Delsarte, Janssen, and Vries, the author studies the monic polynomials \(\Phi_n(z)=z^n+\xi_nz^{n-1}+\cdots+ \Phi_n(0)\), \(n=0,1,2,\dots\), orthogonal with respect to a constant weight function on the arc \(S\) of the unit circle \(S=\{e^{i\theta},\alpha\pi<\theta<2\pi-\alpha\pi\}\), \(\alpha\in(0,1)\). In fact, he establishes the following interesting Theorem: The polynomials \(\Phi_n\) have real coefficients satisfying the following inequalities (1) \(0<\Phi_n(0)<\sigma\), \(n=1,2,3,\dots\), where \(\sigma=\sin(\pi\alpha/2)\). (2) \(n\sigma^2<\xi_n<(n-1)\sigma^2+\sigma\), \(n=1,2,\dots\), (3) \(n\Phi_n(0)<(n+1)\Phi_{n+1}(0)\), \(n=1,2,\dots\), (4) for any integer \(n\), \(\Phi_n(0)\) is an increasing function of \(\alpha\). Finally, he conjectures that \(\Phi_n(0)<\Phi_{n+1}(0)\), \(n=1,2,\dots\;\).