Kida's formula and congruences (Q2369739)

The formula by \textit{Y. Kida} [J. Number Theory 12, 519--528 (1980; Zbl 0455.12007)] in classical Iwasawa theory is a formula of the so-called Riemann--Hurwitz type relating the Iwasawa \(\lambda_p\)-invariants of a CM field \(F\) and its \(p\)-extension \(F'\) (for any prime \(p\)). In fact, given that \(\mu_p^-(F)=0\), Kida's formula expresses \(\lambda_p^-(F')\) in a precise form in terms of \(\lambda_p^-(F)\) and certain local data involving the primes that ramify in \(F'/F\). The present authors generalize this by proving similar formulas for the Iwasawa invariants of two objects associated to a modular eigenform \(f\) of weight \(\geq 2\), namely a Selmer group Sel\((F_\infty,A_f)\) and a \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function \(L_p(F_\infty,f)\). Here \(p\) is an odd prime at which \(f\) is ordinary in the sense that its \(p\)th Fourier coefficient is prime to \(p\); \(F_\infty\) is the cyclotomic \({\mathbb Z}_p\)-extension of an abelian field \(F\) and \(A_f\) denotes the divisible version of the two-dimensional Galois representation attached to \(f\). In the algebraic case, i.e., the case concerning Selmer groups, the authors in fact prove a more general result, replacing \(A_f\) by \(A=V/T\), where \(T\) is a lattice in a nearly ordinary \(p\)-adic Galois representation \(V\). Let \(F'/F\) be a Galois \(p\)-extension that is unramified at all places dividing \(p\). The result, formulated under some technical assumptions on \(T\), says that if Sel\((F_\infty,A)\) is a cotorsion Iwasawa module with \(\mu =0\) then the same is true of Sel\((F'_\infty,A)\) and in this case the \(\lambda\)-invariants are related by an exact formula of Kida's type. Crucial for the proof is the second author's work [Manuscr. Math. 118, No. 2, 161--180 (2005; Zbl 1197.11144)] which provides a precise local formula for the difference between \(\lambda\)-invariants of congruent Galois representations. In particular, if the Galois representations are associated to Hilbert modular forms, the authors are able to make the local factors in their formula more explicit. They also discuss the Iwasawa invariants of weight 2 modular forms at supersingular primes, as defined, e.g., in \textit{B. Perrin-Riou}'s article [Exp. Math. 12, No. 2, 155--186 (2003; Zbl 1061.11031)], and prove a Kida formula for these invariants. The analytic case is handled similarly using results of an article by \textit{M. Emerton} and the authors [Invent. Math. 163, No. 3, 523--580 (2006; Zbl 1093.11065)]. In the special case that \(f\) is the Hilbert modular form associated to an elliptic curve over \(F\), the result reduces to a formula proved by \textit{Y. Hachimori} and \textit{K. Matsuno} [J. Algebr. Geom. 8, No. 3, 581--601 (1999; Zbl 1081.11508)].