Bezoutians and Tate resolutions (Q2370140)

Let \(W\) be a finite dimensional vector space over a field \(k\), \(V=W^{\ast}\) its dual and \(E\) the exterior algebra \(\bigwedge V\) (graded such that \(V=E_{-1}\)). The dual vector space \(E^{\ast}\simeq \bigwedge W\) has a natural structure of graded free \(E\)-module of rank 1. \textit{I. N. Bernstein, I. M. Gel'fand} and \textit{S. I. Gel'fand} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 12, 212--214; English translation of Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 12, No. 3, 66--67 (1978; Zbl 0402.14005)] remarked (in a slightly different but equivalent form) that, as a consequence of the main result of their paper, to each coherent sheaf \(\mathcal F\) on the projective space \({\mathbb P}(W)\) (of 1-dimensional quotients of \(W\)) one can associate a (bi-infinite) complex \(T^{\bullet}({\mathcal F})\) of graded \(E\)-modules with the following properties: (1) \(T^{\bullet}({\mathcal F})\) is acyclic; (2) \(T^p({\mathcal F})={\bigoplus}_iE^{\ast}(i-p){\otimes}_kH^i({\mathbb P}(W),{\mathcal F} (p-i))\), \(\forall p\); (3) \(T^{\bullet}({\mathcal F})\) is minimal, i.e., \(d^p:T^p({\mathcal F})\rightarrow T^{p+1}({\mathcal F})\) maps \(E^{\ast}(i-p)\otimes H^i({\mathcal F}(p-i))\) to \({\bigoplus}_{j\leq i}E^{\ast}(j-p-1)\otimes H^j({\mathcal F}(p+1-j))\), \(\forall p, i\). \textit{D. Eisenbud, G. Fløystad} and \textit{F.-O. Schreyer} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 355, No. 11, 4397--4426 (2003; Zbl 1063.14021)] showed that, moreover: (4) the component \(E^{\ast}(i-p)\otimes H^i({\mathcal F}(p-i)) \rightarrow E^{\ast}(i-p-1)\otimes H^i({\mathcal F}(p+1-i))\) of \(d^p\) is induced by the multiplication map: \(W\otimes H^i({\mathcal F}(p-i)) \rightarrow H^i({\mathcal F}(p+i-1))\), \(\forall p, i\). It is an easy consequence of the Castelnuovo-Mumford Lemma that the conditions (1)-(4) determine \(T^{\bullet}({\mathcal F})\) up to isomorphism. \(T^{\bullet}({\mathcal F})\) is called the Tate resolution of \(\mathcal F\). In the paper under review, the author gives an explicit construction of the Tate resolution of a particular class of coherent sheaves. More precisely, let \(S=k[x_0,\dots ,x_n]\), \(W=S_d\), \(d\geq 1\), \({\nu}_d: {\mathbb P}^n \rightarrow {\mathbb P}(W)\) the \(d\)-fold Veronese embedding and \({\mathcal F}= {\nu}_{d\ast}{\mathcal O}_{{\mathbb P}^n}(\ell )\), for \(\ell \in {\mathbb Z}\). According to (2): \[ T^p({\mathcal F})=E^{\ast}(-p)\otimes S_{a-d}\bigoplus E^{\ast}(n-p)\otimes S^{\ast}_{\rho -a}, \] where \(\rho =(n+1)(d-1)\) and \(a=\ell +(p+1)d\). According to (3), (4), the only unknown component of \(d^p\) is the one mapping \(E^{\ast}(n-p)\otimes S^{\ast}_{\rho -a}\) to \(E^{\ast}(-p-1)\otimes S_a\). This component is induced by a linear map: \({\bigwedge}^{n+1}W\otimes S^{\ast}_{\rho -a} \rightarrow S_a\). The author describes this map in terms of the \textit{Bezoutian} (a certain determinant) associated to \(n+1\) forms of degree \(d\) in \(n+1\) indeterminates \(x_0,\dots ,x_n\). In fact, he shows that if one postulates this map in terms of the Bezoutian then one gets an acyclic complex of \(E\)-modules. As an application, the author shows quickly that if \(f_0,\dots ,f_{n+1} \in W=S_d\) have no common zeros in \({\mathbb P}^n\) and \(R=S/(f_0,\dots ,f_{n+1})\) , then one has a duality \[ R^{\ast}_{\rho -a}\simeq \text{Syz}(f_0,\dots ,f_{n+1})_{a+d}/ {\text{Kosz}}_{a+d} \] which can be described explicitly in terms of the Bezoutians of \(f_0,\dots ,\hat {f_i},\dots ,f_{n+1}, ~ i=0,\dots ,n+1.\)