Tate classes and poles of \(L\)-functions of twisted quaternionic Shimura surfaces (Q2370185)

The main result of this paper is that the dimension of the space of Tate classes of twisted quaternionic Shimura surfaces defined over solvable extensions of totally real fields is equal to the order of the pole at \(s=2\) of the corresponding zeta function. This generalizes results of \textit{G. Harder, R. P. Langlands} and \textit{M. Rapoport} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 366, 53--120 (1986; Zbl 0575.14004)], \textit{C. Klingenberg} [Invent. Math. 89, 291--317 (1987; Zbl 0601.14007)] and \textit{V. Kumar Murty} and \textit{D. Ramakrishnan} [Invent. Math. 89, 319--345 (1987; Zbl 0631.14005)] about Hilbert modular surfaces. The case considered here is the following: Let \(F\) be a totally real field, and let \(D\) be a quaternion algebra over \(F\) which is unramified at exactly \(2\) infinite places of \(F\). Let \(S\) be the canonical model of the quaternionic Shimura surface associated to the principal congruence subgroup \(\Gamma(\mathfrak p)\) for some prime ideal \(\mathfrak p\subset \mathcal O_F\) where \(D\) splits. Let \(E\) be the field of definition of \(S\). We can twist \(S\) by a continuous representation \(\varphi:\Gamma_E\rightarrow GL_2(\mathcal O_F/\mathfrak p)\) of the absolute Galois group \(\Gamma_E\) of \(E\), because \(GL_2(\mathcal O_F/\mathfrak p)\) acts naturally on \(S\). We fix such a representation and denote by \(S'\) the corresponding twisted quaternionic Shimura surface. The author proves that if the fixed field of \(\ker \varphi\) is a solvable extension of a totally real field, then the \(L\)-function of \(H^2(S')\) has a pole at \(s=2\) of order the dimension of the space of Tate classes inside \(H^2_{\text{et}}(S', \overline{\mathbb Q}_\ell)(1))^{\Gamma_k}\), (where \(k\) is a solvable extension of a totally real field which contains \(E\)), as predicted by the Tate conjecture.