Modulus of continuity of the coefficients and (non)quasianalytic solutions in the strictly hyperbolic Cauchy problem (Q2370771)

The authors consider the Cauchy problem for the second-order hyperbolic equations with coefficients depending only on the time variable, \(u_{tt}- a(t)u_{xx}= 0\), \(u(0,x)= u_0\), \(u_t(0,x)= u_1\). They prove that if \(a(t)\) satisfies that \(0<\gamma^{-1}\leq a(t)\leq\gamma\) and \(|a(t+\tau)- a(t)|\leq M|\tau|\omega({1\over|\tau|})\), \(M> 0\), \(t,t+\tau\in [0,T]\), \(\tau\neq 0\) with \(\omega\) a weight function, then for every given \(u_0\in H^s_{(\omega)}\), \(u_1\in H_{(\omega)}\) the above Cauchy problem has a unique solution \(u\in C^0([0, T]\); \(H^s_{(\omega)})\cap C^1([0, T]\); \(H^{s-1}_{(\omega)})\). Furthermore, if \(\omega_0\) is a quasianalytic weight function satisfying \(\int\omega_0({1\over\tau})\,d\tau= \infty\), then for any given nonquasianalytic space \(\bigcup_s H^s_{(\omega)}\) there is a function \(a(t)\) satisfying \(a\in C^\infty([0, T])\), \({1\over 2}\leq a(t)\leq{3\over 2}\), \(|a(+\tau)- a(t)|\leq M|\tau|\omega_0({1\over |\tau|})\), \(M> 0\), \(t,t+\tau\in [0,1]\), \(\tau\neq 0\) and \(u_0,u_1\in H^s_{(\omega)}\) such that the Cauchy problem does not have any solution \(u\in C^1([0, 1]\); \(\bigcup_s H_{(\omega)})\). Here \(S^s_{(\omega)}= \text{proj}_{\rightarrow m\in\mathbb{N}} H^{s,\lambda}_\omega\), \(H^{s,\lambda}_\omega= \{f\in H^s\); \(\| f\|^2_{s,\lambda,\omega}= \int(1+|\xi|)^s e^{\lambda\omega(|\xi|)}|\widehat f(\xi)|\,d\xi< \infty\}\). Moreover, they prove that if the coefficient \(a(t, x)\) satisfies \(a(t, x)\geq\gamma^{- 1}> 0\) and \[ \sup_x\,\sup_\alpha|\partial^\alpha_x(a(t+ \tau,x)- a(t, x))| e^{-\lambda\varphi^*(|\alpha|/\lambda)}\leq M|\tau|\omega\Biggl({1\over |\tau|}\Biggr), \] where \(\varphi^*(x)= \sup_y(xy- \omega(e^y))\), then the Cauchy problem \(Lu= u_{tt}+ a(t, x)_{xx}= f,\;u(0)= u_0,\;u_t(0)= u_1\) has a priori estimate as follows \[ \begin{multlined} \| u(t)\|_{s,\lambda^*(T^*- t),\omega}+\| u_t(t)\|_{s-1,\lambda^*(T^*- t),\omega}\leq C(\| u(0)\|_{s, \lambda^*T^*, \omega}+\| u_t(0)\|_{s-1,\lambda^*T^*,\omega}\\ +\int^t_0\| Lu(\tau)\|_{s,\lambda^*(T^*- \tau), \omega}\,d\tau.\end{multlined} \]