On the continuity of symmetrically cliquish or symmetrically quasicontinuous functions (Q2371933)

\loadeufm The author characterizes the sets of points of continuity of symmetrically cliquish functions and of symmetrically quasicontinuous functions. \smallskip Let \((X,T_{X})\) and \((Y,T_{Y})\) denote arbitrary topological spaces. The open ball centered at \(z \in {\mathbb R}\) with radius \(\varepsilon\) is denoted by \(B(z,\varepsilon)\). For a function \(f\), \(C(f)\) denotes the set of points of continuity of \(f\). For every \(A \subseteq X \times Y\) and \(x \in X\) we set \(A_{x} = \{y \in Y \colon (x,y) \in A\}\); for \(y \in Y\), \(A^{y}\) is defined analogously. A function \(f \colon X \times Y \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) is called symmetrically cliquish if for every \((x,y) \in X \times Y\), \(\varepsilon > 0\) and \(U \in T_{X}\), \(V \in T_{Y}\) satisfying \(x \in U\) and \(y \in V\) there are \(U', U'' \in T_{X}\setminus\{\emptyset\}\) and \(V',V'' \in T_{Y}\setminus\{\emptyset\}\) such that \(U', U'' \subseteq U\), \(V', V'' \subseteq V\), \(x \in U'\), \(y \in V''\) and \[ \text{diam}(f(U'\times V'))< \varepsilon,~\text{diam}(f(U''\times V'')) < \varepsilon. \] It is called symmetrically quasicontinuous if for every \((x,y) \in X \times Y\), \(\varepsilon > 0\) and \(U \in T_{X}\), \(V \in T_{Y}\) satisfying \(x \in U\) and \(y \in V\) there are \(U', U'' \in T_{X}\setminus\{\emptyset\}\) and \(V',V'' \in T_{Y}\setminus\{\emptyset\}\) such that \(U', U'' \subseteq U\), \(V', V'' \subseteq V\), \(x \in U'\), \(y \in V''\) and \[ f(U'\times V')\subseteq B(f(x,y),\varepsilon),~f(U''\times V'') \subseteq B(f(x,y),\varepsilon). \] The author obtains the following characterizations for the sets of points of continuity of symmetrically cliquish function and of symmetrically quasicontinuous functions. \smallskip \begin{itemize}\item[1.] Let \((X,T_{X})\) and \((Y,T_{Y})\) be Baire spaces and let \(A \subseteq X \times Y\). Then there is a symmetrically cliquish function \(f \colon X \times Y \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) with \(C(f) = (X \times Y )\setminus A\) if and only if \(A\) is an \(F_{\sigma}\) set and for every \(x \in X\) and \(y \in Y\), \(A_{x}\) is of first category in \(Y\) and \(A^{y}\) is of first category in \(X\). \smallskip \item[2.] Let \(A \subseteq {\mathbb R}^{2}\). Then there is a symmetrically quasicontinuous function \(f \colon {\mathbb R}^{2} \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) with \(C(f) = {\mathbb R}^{2}\setminus A\) if and only if \(A\) is an \(F_{\sigma}\) set and for every \(x \in X\) and \(y \in Y\), \(A_{x}\) is of first category in \(Y\) and \(A^{y}\) is of first category in \(X\). \smallskip These characterizations are obtained from results on the structure of the sets of points of continuity of functions which are cliquish or quasicontinuous with respect to one coordinate only. The author also shows that if \(T_{f}\) and \(T_{e}\) denote the finite complement and the Euclidean topologies on \({\mathbb R}\) then each quasicontinuous function \(f \colon ({\mathbb R},T_{f}) \times ({\mathbb R},T_{f}) \rightarrow ({\mathbb R},T_{e})\) is constant. Thus the characterization in 2.\ is not valid for arbitrary (Baire) spaces.\end{itemize}