Canard cycles with two breaking parameters (Q2372748)

Consider the smooth slow-fast Liénard system \[ \dot x= y-F_a(x),\quad \dot y=\varepsilon g_b(x),\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(0<\varepsilon\ll 1\), \(F_0(x)\) has two Morse maxima with the same value providing two jump points and a Morse minimum at \(0\) located between the two maxima and yielding a turning point. The parameter \(a\) is a breaking parameter for the jump mechanism, and the parameter \(b\) provides a breaking parameter for the Hopf bifurcation mechanism at the turning point. For \(\varepsilon= 0\), \((*)\) exhibits canard cycles depending on two parameters (called phase parameters). They contain three fast orbits, one related to the jumping points, one to the phase parameter \(v\) (right to the turning point, one to the phase parameter \(u\) (left to the turning point). The authors study the bifurcation of relaxation oscillations from the canard cycles \(\Gamma_{u,v}\) by means of a map from the plane of phase parameters into the plane of breaking parameters.