Hemodynamical flows. Modeling, analysis and simulation. Papers based on the presentations at the Oberwolfach seminar `Hemodynamical flows: Aspects of modeling, analysis and simulation', Oberwolfach, Germany, November 20--26, 2005. (Q2373590)

The book is a collection of six lectures delivered by Anne M. Robertson, Giovanni P. Goldi, Rolf Rannacher and Stefan Turek at the Oberwolfach Seminar ``Hemodynamical Flows: Aspects of Modeling, Analysis and Simulation'' (November 20-26, 2005). The lectures are focused on various aspects of hemodynamics including physical modeling, mathematical analysis and numerical simulation, with a special accent on general background in continuum mechanics, multiphase nature of blood, rheological data for blood, Newtonian an non-Newtonian constitutive models for blood, mechanical models for blood vessel walls, flows through systems of pipes, fluid-structure interaction in blood vessels and numerical methods for blood flow simulation (including aspects of mesh and model adaptivity). The first chapter, review of Relevant Continuum Mechanics, by A. M. Robertson, is an overview of the basic kinematical and dynamical issues of continuum mechanics which back the approach of hemodynamical features. Besides the constitutive laws theory for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (viscoelastic and thixotropic fluids included), some fundamentals of nonlinear elastic solids are introduced. In preparation of the use of experimental data on blood, viscometric flows and commonly used rheometers are discussed. The second chapter, Hemorheology, by A. M. Robertson, A. Sequeira, and M. V. Kameneva, deals with the constitutive models for blood. Experimental data on the multiphase properties of blood as well as the relationship between these properties and the mechanical behavior of blood are considered, the significance of the non- Newtonian behaviors in the circulation being also pointed out. The chapter concludes with the effect of certain diseases states on the mechanical response of blood. The third chapter, Mathematical Problems in Fluid Mechanics, by Giovanni P. Goldi, discusses some topics which are fundamental for the analysis of blood flows models, pointing out also the directions for future research. Focusing, mainly, on pipe flow of a Navier-Stokes liquid, and on liquid-particle interaction, the author studies the well-posedness of the relevant problems and provides rigorous explanations of some fundamental experiments. The fourth chapter, Methods for Numerical Flow Simulation, by Rolf Rannacher, introduces some numerical methods for the simulation of models of laminar hemodynamical flows. Operator-splitting and finite-element Galerkin methods are developed. A special attention is given to the pipe flow and the related question of artificial outflow boundary conditions. Efficient methods for the solution of the resulting algebraic problems, techniques of sensitivity-based error control and mesh adaptation, flow control and model calibration are also considered. The fifth chapter, Numerics of Fluid-Structure Interaction, by Sebastian Bönisch, Thomas Dunne and Rolf Rannacher, presents some numerical techniques for simulating the introduction of viscous liquids with rigid or elastic bodies. A common variational description of fluid-solid/structure interaction (FSI) is developed as the basis of a consistent Galerkin discretization with a-posteriori error control and mesh adaptation together with the solution of optimal control problems based on the Euler-Lagrange approach. The sixth chapter, Numerical Techniques for Multiphase Flow with Liquid-Solid Interaction, by Jaroslav Hron and Stefan Turek, discusses numerical methods for simulating multiphase flows with liquid-solid interaction (incompressible Navier-Stokes equations together with nonlinear models for solids) with a special accent on finite-element discretization and corresponding solver techniques for the resulting algebraic system, on a consistent finite-element approach for fluid-structure interactions with elastic materials and, finally, on the concept of FEM fictitious boundary techniques, together with operator-splitting approaches for particulate flow. This work is addressed to a very large multidisciplinary academic community. An effort was made to keep every topic as self-contained as possible. The reader is referred to the up to date appropriate literature.