Pullback \(\mathcal D\)-attractors for nonautonomous sine-Gordon equations (Q2373847)

The authors consider the dissipative wave equation \[ \begin{gathered} \partial^2_t u+\gamma\partial_t u-\Delta u+ g(u)= f(x,t)\quad\text{in }\Omega,\\ u(x,\tau)= u_0(x),\quad \partial_t u(x,\tau)= p_0(x),\\ u= 0,\quad\text{on }\partial\Omega\times [\tau,\infty)\end{gathered}\tag{1} \] in a bounded smooth domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\), where \(\gamma\) is a positive constant, \(g(u)= \beta\sin u\) is continuous on \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(f(x,t)\in L^2_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R}, L^2(\Omega))\). The authors study the existence of a strong pullback \({\mathcal D}\)-attractor for (1). To this end, some abstract results are established.