General solution of a simple Levi-Civitá functional equation on non-abelian groups (Q2375927)

A group \(G\) is called the semidirect product of a normal subgroup \(N\) by another subgroup \(Q\) of \(G\) if \(G = NQ\) and \(N \cap Q = \{e \}\). Then we write \(G = N \rtimes Q\). Let \(G\) be a group and \(K\) be a field. The author solves the functional equation \[ f(xy) = f(x)h(y) + f(y), \;x,y \in G, \tag{1} \] in three cases: 1. \(G = N \rtimes Q\), where \(N\) and \(Q\) are abelian subgroups of G, 2. \(G\) is solvable, 3. \(G\) is perfect. The last result is the following. Let \(G\) be a group and \(K\) be a field. The maps \(f, g, h, k: G \rightarrow K\) satisfy the functional equation \[ f(xy) = g(x)h(y) + k(y), \;x,y \in G, \] for all \(x,y \in G\) if and only if one of the possibilities occurs (i) \(f(x) = \beta \), \(g(x) = \alpha \), \(k(y) = \beta - \alpha h(y)\), \(h\) is arbitrary; (ii) \(f(x) = k(y) = \beta \), \(h = 0\), \(g\) arbitrary; or (iii) \(f(x) = \tilde{f}(x) + \beta \), \(g(x) = \gamma ^{-1}[f(x) - \delta ]\), \ \(h(y) = \gamma \tilde{h}(y)\), \(k(y) = f(y) - (\beta - \delta)\tilde{h}(y),\) where \(\gamma = h(e) \not = 0\) and \(\tilde{f}, \tilde{h}\) \ satisfy \((1)\).