Analytic geometry and semi-classical analysis (Q2377580)

The author gives an account on deformation theory for Lagrangian varieties and its applications to semi-classical analysis. Semi-classical analysis is the study of partial differential equations depending on a small parameter \(\hbar\) on real compact Lagrangian submanifolds. The interplay between the complex topology of complexified characteristic varieties and the spectral theory of pseudo-differential operators, and the bridge between the two approaches being given by the deformation theory of Lagrangian varieties are explained. In standard spectral theory, perturbative expansions for the spectrum are purely formal objects. In the modern approach of real \(C^{\infty}\) semi-classical analysis, such objects are perturbations of global objects. The relationship between topology, analytic geometry and semi-classical analysis can only be established if we make sense of such an object. The goal is to reformulate the standard spectral theory so as to attain to each germ of an operator a spectrum which behaves naturally with respect to base changes, that is, for which the perturbative expansion is the spectrum of an operator relative to the base of a deformation. The author starts with the case of ordinary differential equations. In this case, the correspondence between the topology of characteristic varieties, analytic geometry and semi-classical analysis is more easily to understand, essentially due to the fact that any plane curve is a Lagrangian submanifold. The author discusses deformations of Lagrangian varieties, problems of stability and their relations to the topology of Lagrangian Milnor fibres.