Thermoconvective magnetized ferrofluid with internal angular momentum saturating a porous medium: a nonlinear stability analysis (Q2378781)

This paper studies the nonlinear stability of magnetized ferrofluid with internal angular momentum heated from below and saturating a porous medium of high permeability, using the generalized energy method under the assumption of Brinkman model. It is well known that for a porous medium of high permeability, Brinkman model is superior to Darcy model, and it removes some of deficiencies and gives preferable results [\textit{D. A. Nield} and \textit{A. Bejan}, Convection in porous media. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Springer (1999; Zbl 0924.76001)]. Ferrofluids are composed of nanoscale ferromagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid, usually an organic solvent or water. The ferromagnetic nanoparticles are coated with a surfactant to prevent their agglomeration. The mathematical emphasis in this paper is on how to control the nonlinear terms caused by magnetic body force and body couple on a fluid element. In order to do it, the authors use the generalized energy method by introducing a suitable generalized energy function. Thus, the authors have found that the nonlinear critical magnetic-thermal Rayleigh number does not coincide with that of linear instability analysis, which indicates that the subcritical instabilities are possible. However, it is noted that, in the case of non-ferrofluid, global nonlinear stability Rayleigh number is exactly the same as that for linear instability. The authors also analyze the effects of basic non-dimensional parameters, such as magnetic parameter, Darcy number, coupling parameter, and spin diffusion parameter on subcritical instability. The obtained results are presented in 5 tables and 6 figures. However, there is no comparison with other similar results from the literature.