Some properties of epimorphisms of Hilbert algebras (Q2379262)

From the text: ``This paper represents a start in the study of epimorphisms in some categories of Hilbert algebras.'' ``The study of epimorphisms in categories of algebraic logic was started by \textit{R. Balbes} and \textit{P. Dwinger} in [Distributive lattices. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press (1974; Zbl 0321.06012)] with the characterization of epimorphisms of distributive lattices and Boole algebras. [\dots] In the case of Boole algebras [they show] that every epimorphism is a surjective function. For the case of distributive lattices, [they] are using the notion of free Boolean extension of a distributive lattice [in order to characterize epimorphisms of distributive lattices in terms of those of Boole algebras]. The existence of such extension is assured by [a construction of] a reflector from the category of distributive lattices to the category of Boolean algebras.'' ``We will try to [present similar results] for some subcategories of Hilbert algebras [including] implication algebras [and] Hertz algebras.'' Remark 2.2: Implication algebras are also known as Tarski algebras, commutative Hilbert algebras and Abbot algebras. Main results according to the abstract: ``Even [though] we give a complete characterization [of] epimorphisms only for implication algebras, [we present] examples of epimorphisms which are not surjective functions. Also, we will show that the study of epimorphisms of Hilbert algebras is equivalent to the study of epimorphisms of Hertz algebras.' Remark 1.1: A morphism \(f:A\to B\) of an algebraic category is an epimorphism if and only if its image is an epic subalgebra, that is, the inclusion morphism \(f(A)\to B\) is an epimorphism. Theorem 3.5: Let \(A\), \(B\) be implication algebras such that \(A\) is a subalgebra of \(B\). Then \(A\) is an epic subalgebra of \(B\) if and only if the deductive system generated by \(A\) in \(B\) is \(B\) and \(D\cap A=D'\cap A\) implies \(D=D'\) for any maximal deductive systems \(D\), \(D'\) of \(A\). Theorem 4.1 and Proposition 4.1: Let \(A\) be a Hilbert algebra, and let \(\varphi_A: A\to H_A\) be its unique free Hertz extension (where \(H_A\) is a Hertz algebra, \(\varphi_A\) is an injective morphism of Hilbert algebras, \(H_A\) is generated by \(\varphi_A(A)\) as a Hertz algebra, and every morphism of Hilbert algebras from \(A\) into a Hertz algebra factors through \(H_A\)). Then \(\varphi\) is an epimorphism of Hilbert algebras; and \(\varphi\) is surjective if and only if \(A\) is a Hertz algebra. Corollary 4.1: Let \(f: A\to B\) be a morphism of Hilbert algebras, and let \(h_f: H_A\to H_B\) be the unique morphism of Hertz algebras such that \(h_f\varphi_A=\varphi_B f\). Then \(f\) is an epimorphism of Hilbert algebras if and only if \(h_f\) is an epimorphism of Hertz algebras.