On the 16th Hilbert problem for algebraic limit cycles (Q2379272)

Consider the planar diffferential system \[ {dx\over dt}= P(x,y),\quad {dy\over dt}= Q(x,y),\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(P\) and \(Q\) are real polynomials in \(x\) and \(y\) of degree \(n\geq 2\). Under the assumption that all irreducible invariant algebraic curves of \((*)\) are in a generic position, the authors prove that the maximum number of algebraic limit cycles of \((*)\) is at most \(1+ (n-1)(n-2)/2\) if \(n\) is even, and \((n-1)(n-2)/2\) if \(n\) is odd, and that these upper bound are reached.