Approximation of a general singular vertex coupling in quantum graphs (Q2379283)

The authors consider a quantum graph vertex \(V\) of the degree \(n\) with \(n\) edges \(E_j: j=1,\dots, n\) and \(\psi_v:= \{\psi_j: j=1,\dots, n\}\in\bigoplus_{j= 1,\dots, n} W^{2,2}(E_j)\). Let \(S\in\mathbb{C}^{m,m}\) be a self-adjoint matrix, and \(T\in\mathbb{C}^{m,n-m}\) \((m\leq n)\) \[ \begin{pmatrix} I^{(m)} & T\\ 0 & 0\end{pmatrix} \psi_v'= \begin{pmatrix} S & 0\\ -T^* & I^{(n-m)}\end{pmatrix} \psi_v \] expresses admissible boundary conditions. They study \(H_A\psi= k^2\psi\) on \(E_j= (0,L_j)\), \(H_A= -id/dx- A)^2+ V\). Vertex \(\delta\)-coupling acquires the form: \[ \psi_j(0)= \psi_k(0):= \psi(0),\quad \sum_{j=1,\dots,n}\psi_j'(0)= \Biggl(\alpha+ i\sum_{j=1,\dots, n}A_j\Biggr)\psi(0) \] at 0 corresponding to \(V\). Here \(\{A_j: j= 1,\dots, n\}\) is the vector potential in Hamiltonian \(H^{Ad}_d\) given by \(H_A\). As an approximation model, they consider a star graph with \(n\) outgoing edges \(E_j\) coupled in a general way, and study the Hamiltonian \(H^{Ag}(d)\) on the graph, given by \(H_A\). \(V\to\{V_j: j=1,\dots, n\}\), \(\text{dist}(V_j,V_k)= 2d\). In order to give \(\delta\) interaction, parameters \(W_{(j,k)}\), \(\nu_j\), and \(A^{(j,k)}(d)\) are required. They prove the convergence of the family \(H^{Ag}(d)\) to \(H^{Ad}_d\) in the norm-resolvent sense as \(d\to 0_+\). That is, \(\| R^{Ag}_d(k^2)- R^{Ad}_d(k^2)\|_2\to 0_+\) in the Hilbert-Schmidt norm, holds as \(d\to 0_+\). \(R^{Ad}(k^2)\): resolvent of \(H^{Ad}\) at the point \(k^2\).