Periodic Sturm-Liouville problems related to two Riccati equations of constant coefficients (Q2379285)

Consider the following Riccati equations of constant coefficients \[ \frac{dR }{dx}+R^{2}+k_{0}^{2}=0 \] and \[ \frac{d\Phi }{dx}-2S\Phi +\Phi ^{2}+k_{0}^{2}+S^{2}=0. \] By using one particular solution of these Riccati equations, the corresponding supersymmetric partner periodic Sturm- Liouville problems are constructed. These problems are solved analytically in terms of hypergeometric functions. The analytically solved model is used as a case study for a powerful numerical approach that is employed here for the first time in the investigation of the energy band structure of periodic not necessarily regular potentials. Also, an efficient power series representation of Hill discriminant in terms of the Kravchenko's series is obtained.