Affine partitions and affine Grassmannians (Q2380320)

Summary: We give a bijection between certain colored partitions and the elements in the quotient of an affine Weyl group modulo its Weyl group. By Bott's formula these colored partitions give rise to some partition identities. In certain types, these identities have previously appeared in the work of \textit{M. Bousquet-Mélou} et al. [Ramanujan J. 1, No. 1, 101--111 (1997; Zbl 0909.05008)], \textit{H. Eriksson} and \textit{K. Eriksson} [Electron. J. Comb. 5, Research paper R18, 32 p. (1998; Zbl 0889.20002); printed version J. Comb. 5, 231--262 (1998)] and \textit{V. Reiner} [Electron. J. Comb. 2, Research paper R25, 21 p. (1995; Zbl 0849.20032); printed version J. Comb. 2, 403--422 (1995)]. In other types the identities appear to be new. For type \(A_n\), the affine colored partitions form another family of combinatorial objects in bijection with \((n + 1)\)-core partitions and \(n\)-bounded partitions. Our main application is to characterize the rationally smooth Schubert varieties in the affine Grassmannians in terms of affine partitions and a generalization of Young's lattice which refines weak order and is a subposet of Bruhat order. Several of the proofs are computer assisted.