Invariance of a shift-invariant space (Q2380385)

A shift-invariant space on the real line is a closed space of functions on the real line that is invariant under integer translations. Shift-invariant spaces have been used in mathematics and engineering, such as in wavelet analysis, in spline theory, and in the sampling theorem. One example of a shift-invariant space is the Paley-Wiener space of functions that are bandlimited to \([-1/2, 1/2]\), and the other is the spline space with integer knots. The Paley-Wiener space has extra shift-invariance, particularly invariant under every real translation. Then a natural question is how to characterize shift-invariant spaces with extra invariance. In this paper, the authors show that either the shift-invariant space is invariant under every real translation, or the shift-invariant space is invariant under certain fraction of integers \(\mathbb{Z}/n\) for some positive integer \(n\) (which is called by \(1/n\)-invariance). In this paper, the authors give various characterizations to shift-invariant spaces on the real line with \(1/n\)-invariance.