Extended Knörrer periodicity (Q2381585)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, \((A,{\mathfrak{m}}_A,k)\) a complete noetherian local ring and \(\pi \in {\mathfrak{m}}_A\). A matrix factorization (of rank \(r\geq 1\)) of \(\pi \) is a pair \((\varphi ,\psi )\) of elements of \(\text{End}_A(A^r)\) such that \(\varphi \psi =\psi \varphi =\pi \cdot \text{id}\). There is a 1:1 correspondence between matrix factorizations and pairs \({\mathbf M}=(M^{\bullet},d_M)\), where \(M^{\bullet}=(M^i)_{i\in {\mathbb Z}_2}\) is a \({\mathbb Z}_2\)-graded \(A\)-module with \(M^0=M^1=A^r\) and \(d_M : M\rightarrow M\) is a degree \(1\in {\mathbb Z}_2\) endomorphism such that \(d_M\circ d_M=\pi \cdot \text{id}_M\). The correspondence is given by \(d^0_M=\varphi \), \(d^1_M=\psi \). If \(\mathbf M\), \({\mathbf M}'\) are two matrix factorizations then one can consider the \({\mathbb Z}_2\)-graded abelian group \(\Hom^{\bullet}({\mathbf M},{\mathbf M}')\), with \(\Hom^p({\mathbf M},{\mathbf M}'):={\prod}_{i\in {\mathbb Z}_2} \Hom_A(M^i,M^{i+p})\), \(p\in {\mathbb Z}_2\), endowed with the degree \(1\in {\mathbb Z}_2\) endomorphism \(D\) defined by \(D(f):=d_{M'}\circ f- {(-1)}^{\deg f}f\circ d_M\). It turns out that \(D\) is a differential, i.e., that \(D\circ D=0\). Let \(\text{Ext}^{\bullet}({\mathbf M}, {\mathbf M}')\) be the cohomology of the complex \(\Hom^{\bullet}( {\mathbf M},{\mathbf M}')\). One denotes by \(\text{MF}_A(\pi )\) the category whose objects are the matrix factorizations of \(\pi \) and with morphisms: \({\mathbf M}\rightarrow {\mathbf M}'\) the elements of \(\text{Ext}^0({\mathbf M},{\mathbf M}')\). \(\text{MF}_A(\pi )\) is a triangulated category. If \(A\) is regular and \(\pi \neq 0\) then a result of \textit{D. Eisenbud} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 260, 35--64 (1980; Zbl 0444.13006)] asserts that the functor \({\mathbf M}\mapsto E:=\text{Coker}\varphi \) establishes an equivalence between \(\text{MF}_A(\pi )\) and the stable category of maximal Cohen-Macaulay \(A/(\pi )\)-modules. The syzygy module \(\Omega (E)\) of \(E\), defined as the kernel of \((A/(\pi ))^r\rightarrow E\), is isomorphic to \(\text{Coker}\psi \). Now, let \(P=k[[x_1,\dots ,x_n]]\) and let \(w\in k[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\) be such that \(w(0)=0\) and \(w\) has an isolated singularity at 0. The authors describe the deformation theory of a maximal Cohen-Macaulay module \(E\) over \(P/(w)\) in terms of \(\text{Ext}^{\bullet}({\mathbf M},{\mathbf M})\), where \(\mathbf M\) is the corresponding matrix factorization of \(w\) over \(P\). Then, for \(P=k[[x,y]]\), \(w=xy\) and \(R=P/(w)\) they describe, in terms of matrix factorizations, all the deformations of the maximal Cohen-Macaulay \(R\)-module \(({\widetilde R})^r\), where \(\widetilde R=k[[x]]\times k[[y]]\) is the normalization of \(R\), to a complete noetherian local ring \((A,{\mathfrak{m}}_A,k)\), and obtain, for \(0\neq \pi \in {\mathfrak{m}}_A\), an equivalence of categories (which they call the Faltings-Knörrer functor) \(\theta : \text{MF}_A(\pi )\rightarrow \text{MF}_{A[[x,y]]}(xy-\pi )\). The authors also consider the case where the maximal Cohen-Macaulay module \(E\) is endowed with a quadratic or symplectic form, or with a twisted quadratic or symplectic form (which means an isomorphism \(q : E\rightarrow {\Omega}(E)^{\ast}\) such that \({\Omega}(q)^{\ast}=\pm q\)) and introduce orthogonal and symplectic matrix factorizations and their twisted counterpart. In this way, they translate and generalize in terms of matrix factorizations some results of \textit{H. Knörrer} [Invent. Math. 88, 153--164 (1987; Zbl 0617.14033)], \textit{G. Faltings} [Math. Ann. 304, 489--515 (1996; Zbl 0847.14018)] and of \textit{K. Hori} and \textit{J. Walcher} [D-branes categories for orientifolds -- The Landau-Ginzburg case, \url{arXiv:hep-th/0606179}].