A Galois theory of commutative rings (Q2386069)

In this paper several types of Galois correspondences are generalized from fields to commutative rings \(A\): the Galois rings correspondence theorem (2.1) arises from the Jacobson-Bourbaki theorem, the Galois groups correspondence theorem (3.1) extends the classical Galois theory, and the Galois Lie rings correspondence theorem (4.2) generalizes the Jacobson differential Galois correspondence to a correspondence between the set of Galois Lie ring subfields of a given commutative ring \(A\) and the set of Galois Lie rings of \(A\). Introducing derivation ring forms of a commutative ring in section 5, enables the author to give another proof of the latter theorem without using Block's theorem. The Galois biring correspondence theorem (6.1) extends the Galois theory of section 2 by endowing the Galois rings with a biring structure, i.e. by replacing the endomorphism ring \(\text{End}_F A\) by the biring \(\text{Pres}_F A\) of preservations of \(A\) over \(F\), where \(F\) is a subfield of \(A\) of finite codimension. In section 7 it is shown that all these Galois theories support Galois decent (theorems 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5). Finally, the problem of determining all simple derivation rings (or equivalently, all simple Lie algebras) is considered, and as a first step, all finitely generated simple restricted irreducible derivation rings are determined.