On a functional equation related to power means (Q2386086)

\textit{M. E. Kuczma} [ibid. 45, No. 2--3, 300--321 (1993; Zbl 0787.39007)] considered analytic solutions of the functional equation \[ x + g(y+f(x)) = y + g(x+f(y)) \] on the real line. Solutions in the class of twice differentiable functions were given by the present author [ibid. 55, No. 1--2, 146--152 (1998; Zbl 0892.39019)], and \textit{N. Brillouét-Belluot} [On a symmetric functional equation in two variables (to appear)] proved that differentiable solutions of this equation have the same form as in the previous cases. In this paper the author presents very interesting results on the solutions of the equation which are in the class of monotonic Jensen convex or Jensen concave functions on the real line. Precisely, assuming \(f(0)=g(0)=0\), it is shown that if \( f, g: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R\) satisfy the above equation and they are monotone functions, Jensen concave or Jensen convex, then \( f\) and \(g\) are given by the formulas \[ f(x) = ax , \qquad g(x) = { 1 \over 1-a} x, \tag{a} \] where \( a \in \mathbb R \backslash \{-1, 1\}\) is arbitrarily fixed; \[ f(x)= - {1 \over \gamma} \ln (ae^{\lambda x} + (1-a)) , \qquad g(x)= - {1 \over \gamma} \ln \left( { 1 \over {1+a}} e^{- \lambda x} + { a \over 1+a} \right) , \tag{b} \] where \(\gamma \in \mathbb R \backslash \{0 \}\) and \(a \in (0,1)\) are arbitrarily fixed; \[ f(x) = -x , \quad g(x) = \tfrac12 x + p (x) , \tag{c} \] where \(p: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R \) is an arbitrary even function such that \(p(0) = 0 \) and the function \( \mathbb R \ni x\mapsto { 1\over 2} x + p(x) \in \mathbb R\) is monotone and Jensen convex or Jensen concave; \[ f(x) = \begin{cases} 0, & x \leq a \\ a-x , & x > a \end{cases} \qquad \text{ and} \qquad g(x) = \begin{cases} x, & x \leq a \\ a , & x > a \end{cases} , \tag{d} \] where \(a > 0 \) is a constant; \[ f(x) = \begin{cases} 0, & x \geq a \\ a-x , & x < a \end{cases} \qquad \text{ and} \qquad g(x) = \begin{cases} x, & x \geq a \\ a , & x < a \end{cases} , \tag{e} \] where \(a < 0\) is a constant; \[ f(x) = \begin{cases} -b, & x \leq b \\ -x , & x > b \end{cases} \qquad \text{ and} \qquad g(x) = \begin{cases} x, & x \leq 0 \\ 0 , & x > 0 \end{cases} , \tag{f} \] where \(b \leq 0\) is a constant: \[ f(x) = \begin{cases} -b, & x \geq b \\ -x , & x <b \end{cases} \qquad \text{ and} \qquad g(x) = \begin{cases} x, & x \geq 0 \\ 0 , & x <0 \end{cases} , \tag{g} \] where \( b \geq 0 \) is a constant.