A relation between semigroups with a singularity and integrated semigroups (Q2386944)

The author discusses a relation between semigroups of growth \(\alpha\) and integrated semigroups. In particular, it is shown that if \(A\) generates a semigroup of growth \(\alpha\in (0,1)\), then \(A\) generates a once integrated semigroup, and that for \(\alpha\geq 1\) such semigroups are \(C\)-regularized semigroups. Furthermore, the author presents an example of a family of operators parametrised by a parameter \(\gamma\) which determines the growth rate of the semigroup generated by these operators indicating that for some values of the parameter, the resolvent sets of these operators are empty and thus that they cannot be generators of integrated semigroups. The paper is concluded by a theorem saying that if an operator \(A\) generates a holomorphic semigroup \(\{U(z)\}\) of angle \(\pi/2\) which satisfies \(\| U(z)\| \leq M(| z| /\text{Re\,} z)^\alpha\) for some \(M>0\), \(\alpha \geq 0\), then \(iA\) generates an \(r\)-integrated semigroup for any \(r>\alpha\). Reviewer's remarks. The author incorrectly quotes Okazawa's result on the generator of a semigroup of growth \(\alpha\) which makes the proof of Lemma 1 slightly incomplete. Furthermore, Theorem 1 already can be found in, e.g., [\textit{F. Neubrander}, Pac. J. Math. 135, 111--155 (1988; Zbl 0675.47030), Example 9.2(b)]. The result that semigroups of growth \(\alpha\) are \(C\)-regularized semigroups is due to \textit{E. B. Davies} and \textit{M. M. H. Pang} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 55, 181--208 (1987; Zbl 0651.47026), Theorem 26]. Similarly, Theorem 2 of the paper should be related to Theorem 10.1 in [\textit{R. deLaubenfels}, ``Existence Families, Functional Calculi and Evolution Equations'' (Lect. Notes Math. 1570, Springer Verlag, Berlin) (1994; Zbl 0811.47034)] and Theorem 3.9.13 in [\textit{W. Arendt, C. J. K. Batty, M. Hieber} and \textit{F. Neubrander}, ``Vector-valued Laplace transforms and Cauchy Problems'' (Monographs in Mathematics 96, Birkhäuser, Basel) (2001; Zbl 0978.34001)].