The existence of horizons in an asymptotically flat 3-manifold (Q2388310)

Let \((M,g)\) be a 3-dimensional compact manifold with positive scalar curvature \(R(g) > 0\). Choose a point \(P \in M\). Since \(R(g) > 0\) the Green function \(G\) of the conformal Laplacian \(8 \Delta_{g} -R(g)\) at \(P\) exists. Then, \(G^{4}g\) is a metric defined on \(M \setminus \{P\}\) and conformal to \(g\). On \(M \setminus \{ P \}\) one has \[ R (G^{4}g) = - G^{-\frac{n+2}{n-2}} (8 \Delta_{g} G -R(g) G) =0, \] so that the manifold \((M \setminus \{P\} , G^{4}g)\) is scalar flat. By a direct calculation it can also be shown that \((M \setminus \{P\} , G^{4}g)\) is an asymptotically flat manifold. The author is interested in the case \(M = S^{3}\). He makes the following assumption on the manifold \((S^{3},g)\): the diameter of \((S^{3},g) \leq D\), the volume of \((S^{3},g)\) equals \(V_{T} \leq V\) and the Ricci curvature has a (possibly negative) lower bound Ric\((g) \geq \mu\), where \(\mu\) is the local mass density. The main result of the paper is contained in the following theorem: For any \(r > \frac{3}{2}\), there exists \(0 < \delta = \delta (V,D,\mu,r) \leq 1\) such that if \(\| R(g)\| _{L^{r}(S^{3})} < \delta\) and \(R (g) > 0\). Then the asymptotically flat manifold \(( S^{3} \setminus \{P\} , G^{4}g)\) contains a horizon, where \(G\) is Green's function of the conformal Laplacian \(8 \Delta_{g} -R(g)\) at \(P\).