A generic property of families of Lagrangian systems (Q2389108)

Let \(M\) be a compact smooth manifold, and \(\mathbb{T}:= \mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}\) or \(\{0\}\). A Tonelli Lagrangian will be a \(C^2\) real function \(L\) on \(\mathbb{T}\times TM\) such that: \(\bullet\) for each \((t,m)\in\mathbb{T}\times M\), \(L_{(t,m)}\) is convex on \(T_mM\) and \(\lim_{|\theta|\to\infty} L_{(t,m)}(\theta)/|\theta|= +\infty\); \(\bullet\) the flow \(\varphi\) \((\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{T}\times TM\to \mathbb{T}\times TM)\) defined by the Euler-Lagrange equation \({d\over ds}L_\theta= L_m\) is complete; \(\bullet\) the previous properties hold as well for any \((L-u)\) instead of \(L\), \(u\) summing \(C^\infty(\mathbb{T}\times M,\mathbb{R})\). Let \(m(L)\) denote the set of \(\varphi\)-invariant probability measures \(\mu\) on \(\mathbb{T}\times TM\) which minimize the action \(\int_{\mathbb{T}\times TM} L\,d\mu\). Let \(A\) be a finite-dimensional space of Tonelli Lagrangians. Then the main theorem asserts that there exists a dense subset \(O\) of \(C^\infty(\mathbb{T}\times M,\mathbb{R})\), countable intersection of open subsets, such that \[ u\in O,\;L\in A\rightarrow\dim m(L-u)\leq \dim A; \] in other words, there exist at most \((1+\dim A)\) ergodic minimizing measures of \((L-u)\). This result generalizes a result of \textit{R. Mañé} [Nonlinearity 9, No. 2, 273--310 (1996; Zbl 0886.58037)], which corresponds to \(\dim A= 1\). The proof is mainly made in an abstract context. The authors notice finally that \(u\) can be replaced as well as by cohomology class of 1-forms on \(M\).