Sobolev spaces related to Schrödinger operators with polynomial potentials (Q2391120)

Let \(P(x)\) be a homogeneous polynomial such that \(P(ix) > 0\) for all \(x\in \mathbb R^d\) with \(x\not = 0\). Consider the Schrödinger-type operator \(A:=P(D) + V(x)\) on \(\mathbb R^d\), where \(V(x)\) is a non-negative polynomial potential. The aim of the paper is to prove the following: If \(1 < p < \infty\) and \(\alpha >0\), then there exist positive constants \(C_1\) and \(C_2\) such that \[ \|P(D)^{\alpha}f\|_{L^p} + \|V^{\alpha}f\|_{L^p} \leq C_1 \|A^{\alpha}f\|_{L^p} \] and \[ \|A^{\alpha}f\|_{L^p} \leq C_2 \|(P(D)^{\alpha}+V^{\alpha})f\|_{L^p}\leqno (1) \] for all \(f\) in the Schwartz class \(\mathcal S(\mathbb R^d)\). To this end, the authors make use of the analysis on homogeneous nilpotent Lie groups, the Christ inversion theorem for singular integral operators with a small amount of smoothness, the maximal subelliptic \(L^2\)-estimates for the generators of stable semigroups of measures, and the Coifman-Weiss principle of transference. Estimate (1) with the full range \(\alpha >0\) seems to be new even for \(P(D)=\Delta\). A typical example of a~constant coefficient homogeneous differential operator occurring in the paper is \[ P(D) = \sum^d_{j=1} (-1)^{n_j} \frac{\partial^{2n_j}}{\partial x_j^{n_j}}, \;P(ix) = \sum^d_{j=1} x^{2n_j}_j. \]