Existence of nontrivial homoclinic orbits for fourth-order difference equations (Q2391299)

The authors study the existence of nontrivial homoclinic orbits emanating from \(0\) of the fourth-order difference equation \[ \Delta ^{4}u\left( t-2\right) -q\left( t\right) u\left( t\right) +f\left( t,u\left( t+1\right) ,u\left( t\right) ,u\left( t-1\right) \right) =0,\;\;t\in \mathbb{Z}, \] where \(\Delta \) is the forward difference operator \(\Delta u\left( t\right) =u\left( t+1\right) -u\left( t\right) \). The main result is based on Mountain Pass Lemma of \textit{D. Smets} and \textit{M. Willem} [J. Funct. Anal. 149, No.~1, 266--275 (1997; Zbl 0889.34059)], a weak convergence argument and a discrete version of \textit{E. H. Lieb}'s lemma [Invent. Math. 74, 441--448 (1983; Zbl 0538.35058)]. The used method is different from those of \textit{M. J. Ma} and \textit{Z. M. Guo} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 67, No.~6 (A), 1737--1745 (2007; Zbl 1120.39007), J. Math. Anal. Appl. 323, No.~1, 513--521 (2006; Zbl 1107.39022)].