Normal projections in Krein spaces (Q2391795)

Let \(\mathcal H\) be a Hilbert space with positive definite inner product \((\cdot,\cdot)\) and a self-adjoint, bounded operator \(J\) with \(J^2=I\), which serves as the Gramian of \[ [x,y]:=(Jx,y), \qquad x,y \in \mathcal H. \] The tuple \((\mathcal H, [\cdot,\cdot])\) is called a Krein space. For a bounded operator \(Q\) in \(\mathcal H\), denote its adjoint with respect to \([\cdot,\cdot]\) as \(Q^+\). Observe that \(Q^+= JQ^*J\). A projection (i.e., \(Q^2=Q\)) is normal if it satisfies \[ QQ^+ = Q^+Q. \] It is shown that a normal projection projects onto a pseudo-regular subspace. A pseudo-regular subspace is a subspace which allows an orthogonal decomposition into the isotropic part and a subspace which is a Krein space. Here, orthogonal is understood with respect to \([\cdot ,\cdot]\). Conversely, to every pseudo-regular subspace there exists a normal projection which projects onto it. In general (if the isotropic part is not trivial), there exist infinitely many normal projections which project onto that subspace. It is the main result of the paper to give a full description of all normal projections onto a given pseudo-regular subspace.