Über Darstellungsanzahlen von Primzahlen durch Quadratsummen (Q2394425)

This paper continues the study of a problem begun by the author in an earlier paper [Math. Nachr. 14, 361--375 (1955; Zbl 0073.26201)]. In that paper the author factored the polynomial whose roots are the primitive \(q\)th roots of unity (\(q\) a prime \(>3)\) and showed how to determine the coefficients of the factors in terms of coefficients of the Eisenstein series expansion of certain modular functions. This coefficient is the leading term of \(a_k(q)\) which is the number of representations of \(q\) as the sum of \(k\) squares. A detailed study of the modular functions concerned reveals various relations between these numbers, especially for \(k\leq 11\). In particular, certain congruence relations are obtained for numbers designated by \(e_k^*\); these differ from \(e_k(q)\) by trivial factors (e.g., \(e_{11}(q) = 3960 e_{11}^*\) if \(q\equiv 7\pmod 8\)). For example, if \(q\equiv 7\pmod 8\), \(q > 7\), then \(e_7^*\equiv e_{11}^*\equiv 0\pmod 4\), \(e_7^*\equiv e_{11}^*\equiv 0\pmod 8\), \(e_{11}^*\equiv 2(q+1)h \pmod 3\), \(e_{11}^*\equiv 2 (q^2-1)h \pmod 5\); here \(h\) is the class number of the quadratic field determined by \(\sqrt {-q}\).